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Turks in the Western Tarim Basin began to convert to Islam in the 10th century, but most Uyghurs in the Besh Balik and Turfan regions did not convert until the 15th century expansion of the Yarkand Khanate, a Mongol successor state based in the Western Tarim. With conversion to Islam the traditional ethnonym Uyghur was dropped and the ancestors of modern Uyghurs identified themselves by the terms Turki and Musulman.