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Urumqi, Turpan, Dunhuang, China
Demographics of ChinaOver a hundred ethnic groups have existed in China. In terms of numbers, however, the predominant ethnic group in China is the Han. Throughout history, many ethnic groups have been assimilated into neighbouring ethnicities or disappeared without a trace. Several previously distinct ethnic groups have been Sinicized into the Han, causing its population to increase dramatically. The Han, however, continue to speak several mutually unintelligible languages (see Chinese languages). The government of the People's Republic of China recognizes a total of 56 ethnic groups. China's overall population, the largest in the world, is 1.3 billion. With the global human population currently estimated at just over 6 billion, China is home to approximately 21% or one-fifth of the human species TurpanTurpan[toor´pAn´] or Turfan[toor´fAn´] town and oasis (1994 est. pop. 64,300), in the Turpan depression (c.5,000 sq mi/12,950 sq km), E Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. It is an agricultural center producing cotton and cotton textiles, silk, wheat, grapes, dried fruit, and wine. Oil is in the area. Turpan is the chief town of the Turpan depression, the lowest point (505 ft/154 m below sea level) in China. The depression was the center (A.D. 200400) of a flourishing civilization in which Indian and Persian elements were combined. This civilization was later absorbed by the Uigurs, who had their capital there (9th13th cent.). Archaeological finds made in the early 20th cent. include much Nestorian literature and the bulk of the extant Manichaean literature. DunHuangDunHuang is the name of the city. It is located between Urumgi and Yumen. It was an oasis irrigated by the Tang River and began to serve as an important way staion on the main trade route between China and Central Asia since the first century B.C. when Emporor Han Wu-ti started to expand the empire westwards. This was an area where many races lived together. Chinese (in the ethnic sense), Mongols, Uighurs, Tibetans, Hsia, and others resided here. In he mountains nearby, Buddhist cave-shrines began to be constructed from 366 A.D., in which scriptures were stored, and wall paintings and sculptures were created and maintained. Dunhuang, at 42N, is at approximately the same latitude as the cities of Boston, Rome, and Barcelona.
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